Preheat your oven to 350°F. While it heats, grease a 9x13 inch baking dish (or similar size) with butter or cooking spray to prevent sticking. This ensures your oven will be ready the moment you finish assembling the cobbler, which helps the topping bake evenly and achieve the best texture.
In a medium bowl, combine the pancake mix, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Whisk these dry ingredients together until they're evenly blended and no clumps of brown sugar remain. I like to break up any brown sugar lumps with the back of my spoon first, then whisk everything together—this ensures the cinnamon distributes evenly so every bite of the topping has consistent spice.
Pour the canned peaches with their heavy syrup into the greased baking dish, spreading them out in an even layer. Drizzle the vanilla extract over the peaches and stir gently to distribute it throughout. The syrup will create a luscious sauce as everything bakes, so don't drain it—that moisture is essential for a juicy cobbler.
Sprinkle the dry ingredient mixture from Step 2 evenly over the peaches, using your fingers or the back of a spoon to distribute it in an even layer without pressing down too hard. Dot the top with the cold butter pats, spacing them about an inch apart across the entire surface. As the cobbler bakes, these butter pieces will melt and create a wonderfully tender, slightly crispy topping—I find using cold butter pats instead of melted butter gives a much better texture than if everything is mixed together beforehand.
Place the assembled cobbler in the preheated 350°F oven and bake for 40–45 minutes, until the topping is golden brown and the peach filling is bubbling around the edges. You'll know it's done when you see fruit juices starting to bubble up around the edges of the topping—this indicates the filling is hot and the top is set.
Remove the cobbler from the oven and let it cool for 10 minutes—this resting period allows the filling to set slightly so it won't run all over the plate when you serve it. Divide into bowls or plates and top with vanilla ice cream or fresh whipped cream for an indulgent finish.